Cerebral somatic oximeters allow continuous and non-invasive monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation by surface electrodes. Cerebral oximeters measure tissue oxygen saturation, which reflects hemoglobin saturation in arterial, venous, and capillary blood. Oximeters significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative stoke by optimizing cerebral oxygen level and demand and maintain baseline oxygen saturation values during bypass procedures. Adequate cerebral oxygenation is dependent upon adequate cerebral blood flow and oxygen content.
Normal values range from 60% to 80%; however, lower values of 55 to 60% are not considered abnormal in some cardiac patients. Cerebral somatic oximeters are used to assess the balance between cerebral oxygen delivery and utilization. A mismatch results in cerebral hypoxia or ischemia, and is associated with worsened outcome after acute brain injury. Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) is a measurable index of oxygen utilization in the brain Increases in neural activity evoke increases in the delivery and consumption of oxygen.
Cerebral somatic oximeters work on the principle of near infrared spectroscopy technology and is used to monitor cerebral oxygen delivery and utilization during various surgeries, such as vascular surgeries, cardiac surgeries, and others. Cerebral somatic oximeters are of two types, such as single emitter and dual detector and dual emitter and dual detector. Single emitter and dual detector oximeters are used to monitor site-specific perfusion of the tissue in brain. While, dual emitter and dual detector oximeters used for pulse and regional oximetry measurement.
Thus, with the increasing prevalence of neurological diseases and traumatic brain injury around the world, the demand for cerebral somatic oximeters is also increasing with a rapid pace. For example, according to the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, every year, around 2.8 million people in the U.S. sustain a traumatic brain injury, with some 280,000 resulting in hospitalizations. Of those, about 50,000 are fatal, meaning there are approximately 155 deaths every day from traumatic brain-related injuries.
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