Thyroid disorder is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too little or too much thyroid hormone. In some cases, an excess of the hormone can be detected with a simple blood test. A doctor may recommend a course of medicine to replace the thyroid hormone, which is required for the rest of the patient's life. There is no single thyroid disorder therapy, and treatment for thyroid cancer is individualized for each patient. A diagnosis is possible only after several tests, which include a blood test and a titration.
People with thyroid disease can be of any age or gender. Certain risk factors increase the risk of developing this disorder. Females are more likely to develop this condition than men, and those on certain medications that may affect the thyroid's function are at an increased risk. There are also family members who have had the disorder and individuals who have had a thyroidectomy or radiation treatment. For instance, in February 2022, UC Davis Medical Center, an academic healthcare facility in the U.S., became the first medical firm in the country to perform "scarless" thyroidectomy, a thyroid disorder therapy that leaves no visible scar on the patient’s neck after the removal of the thyroid gland.
There are several treatments for thyroid disease. For some patients, treatment is not necessary, and it is often not appropriate to use medication for every part of the body. However, RAI (radioactive iodine) therapy is considered the final thyroid disorder therapy for an overactive thyroid gland. If the disease is severe, the only option is surgery. A surgeon will remove the entire thyroid to ensure that the condition is not worse than it was before. Some people may choose to undergo radiation to remove their whole thyroid gland.
Antithyroid drugs are often the first option for people with thyroid disorders. They can be taken by mouth or through a surgical procedure. The best thyroid disorder therapy depends on the severity of the disease, whether the condition is benign or malignant. Some patients may even undergo a thyroidectomy in order to get rid of the entire tumor. A patient may choose to undergo a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. While RAI is not always necessary, it is an option if the other treatments have failed.
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